Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes stiffness, pain,

and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. The stiffness is remarkable and maximally

affects external and internal rotation. The capsule of the shoulder joint becomes thick and

taut restricting excursion of the muscles and arm.

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The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not known, and is more common in diabetic and post

cardiac surgery patients. In the vast majority of patients, the cause remains unknown. It can

be self-limiting but runs a long enduring course.

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Symptoms of frozen shoulder usually develop gradually and can be categorized into three

stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing. During the freezing stage, the shoulder becomes

increasingly painful and stiff, making it difficult to move. During the frozen stage, the pain

may lessen, but the stiffness remains. During the thawing stage, the range of motion

gradually improves. However, the duration of each stage is variable and pain experienced is

also variable from patient to patient. In 30% pf patients who suffer a bilateral frozen

shoulder have noted that it is mild the first time and when it affects the opposite shoulder

after a few years, it tends to be severe and unbearable.

 

Several long-term studies have confirmed that although the pain and stiffness may resolve,

the strength by itself may never returns to normal.

 

Treatment for frozen shoulder may involve a combination of pain management techniques,

physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if you

experience shoulder pain or limited range of motion that persists over time, as early

intervention can help prevent further progression of the condition